Causes
In toy puppies: very limited sugar reserves (fasting, cold, stress). In diabetics: too much insulin. Other causes: liver disease, certain tumours, severe infections.
Diagnosis
Measurement of blood glucose, which is low. The vet investigates the underlying cause.
Treatment
EMERGENCY: if conscious, offer something sugary (honey, glucose) rubbed onto the gums and go to the vet. If unconscious, give NOTHING by mouth — go immediately. Afterwards, treat the cause.
Prevention
In toy puppies: frequent meals, keep them warm, avoid stress. In diabetics: strict insulin doses and timing.

