Causes
Almost always secondary: chronic kidney disease, hyperthyroidism (cats), Cushing's disease, diabetes, heart problems. It is rarely primary.
Diagnosis
Measurement of blood pressure with a specific device. It is done routinely in senior animals and in those with predisposing diseases.
Treatment
Antihypertensive medication plus treatment of the underlying disease. Controlling the pressure protects vision and the kidneys.
Prevention
Measure blood pressure at check-ups for older animals and those with at-risk conditions (kidney, thyroid, etc.).

