Causes
Infections, toxins and medications, immune-mediated diseases, copper accumulation, metabolic problems. Sometimes the cause is not identified.
Diagnosis
Liver function blood tests, ultrasound and, for a definitive diagnosis, a liver biopsy.
Treatment
Treating the underlying cause when identified, a liver-support diet, liver-protective supplements, and management of complications. Early detection greatly improves the prognosis.
Prevention
Avoid toxins and the unnecessary use of medications, routine blood tests in senior pets, vaccination.

