Causes
Largely hereditary (breeds with abundant facial skin: Bulldog, Shar Pei, Chow Chow, Mastiffs). It can also appear as a result of scarring or chronic eye pain.
Diagnosis
Eye examination. The vet assesses the degree and rules out ulcers.
Treatment
Corrective eyelid surgery. In very young puppies a temporary correction is sometimes carried out until they finish growing.
Prevention
Obtain puppies from breeders who select against this malformation.

