Causes
Calorie intake higher than energy expenditure: oversized portions, treats and human leftovers, a sedentary lifestyle. Neutering slows the metabolism (the diet must be adjusted). Some hormonal diseases also cause weight gain.
Diagnosis
The vet assesses the body condition (BCS 1-9 scale) and weighs the animal, ruling out hormonal causes if appropriate.
Treatment
A supervised weight-loss plan: a specific diet with adjusted calories, weighing the ration (not estimating by eye), cutting back on treats, and gradually increasing activity. Weight loss should be slow and controlled.
Prevention
Weigh the daily ration, limit treats (maximum 10% of calories), daily exercise, adjust the diet after neutering, and check the weight every 1-2 months.

