Causes
Build-up of moisture, heat and bacteria/fungi within the folds. Predisposed breeds: Bulldog, Pug, Shar Pei, Pekingese, Cocker Spaniel (lip folds).
Diagnosis
Visual examination of the folds. Cytology to identify bacteria or yeasts.
Treatment
Clean and thoroughly dry the folds daily, along with topical antimicrobial treatment. In severe or recurrent cases, surgery to reduce the folds.
Prevention
Clean and dry the folds regularly, and keep weight under control (obesity creates more folds).

