Causes
Bacteria that ascend up the urethra into the bladder. Higher risk in females and in animals with stones, diabetes or a weakened immune system.
Diagnosis
Urine analysis with culture, which identifies the bacterium and the effective antibiotic.
Treatment
Antibiotic guided by the culture, for the prescribed length of time. It is important to complete the full course. If it recurs, look for an underlying cause (stones, diabetes).
Prevention
Water always available, good hygiene, and treating predisposing causes.

