Causes
Wounds, trauma, surgery, bleeding tumours (such as haemangiosarcoma), clotting disorders, and toxins (some rodenticides prevent clotting).
Diagnosis
External bleeding is visible. Internal bleeding is suspected from pallor and weakness without apparent bleeding, and confirmed with ultrasound/blood tests.
Treatment
FIRST AID for external bleeding: firm, sustained pressure with a clean cloth over the wound. Do NOT use tourniquets unless specifically trained. Get to the vet immediately. Internal bleeding absolutely requires urgent care.
Prevention
Prevent accidents, keep rodenticides out of reach, and treat clotting problems promptly.

