Causes
A genetic component, made worse by rapid growth, being overweight as a puppy and inappropriate exercise. Predisposed breeds: Labrador, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Bernese Mountain Dog.
Diagnosis
Physical examination plus radiographs, sometimes a CT scan. There are official screening schemes to support breeding.
Treatment
Mild cases: weight control, appropriate exercise, physiotherapy, chondroprotectants and pain management. Severe cases: surgery. An early diagnosis improves the outcome.
Prevention
Puppies from parents with screened elbows, avoiding your puppy becoming overweight, and age-appropriate exercise.

