Causes
Ageing of the brain, with degenerative changes. It affects older dogs and cats; prevalence increases with age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on clinical signs plus ruling out other conditions that cause similar signs (pain, sensory problems, other illnesses).
Treatment
It cannot be cured, but it can be slowed: specific diets and supplements, mental enrichment, stable routines and sometimes medication. Keep the environment predictable and safe.
Prevention
Mental stimulation and exercise throughout life, a good-quality diet, and geriatric check-ups.
