Causes
A genetic predisposition to produce antibodies against harmless environmental allergens. Predisposed breeds: Labrador, French Bulldog, Westie, German Shepherd, Boxer. It usually appears between 6 months and 3 years of age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis by exclusion: the vet rules out parasites, food allergy and fungal infection. Allergy tests (intradermal or serological) identify the specific allergens.
Treatment
There is no cure; it is managed for life. Options: specific shampoos, omega-3 fatty acids, antihistamines, corticosteroids (occasional use), modern drugs (oclacitinib, lokivetmab), immunotherapy (allergen vaccine). The plan is designed by the vet.
Prevention
It cannot be prevented (it is genetic). You can, however, reduce exposure to allergens, keep the skin moisturised and treat flare-ups early to stop them becoming chronic.
