Causes
Swallowing objects that are too large or irregularly shaped: bones, toys, fish hooks, sticks.
Diagnosis
X-ray (radiopaque objects show up; others require a contrast agent) and endoscopy.
Treatment
Urgent removal by endoscopy or, if that is not possible, surgery. The sooner it is done, the less oesophageal damage.
Prevention
Do not give bones, watch out for toys that could break, and supervise dogs that swallow things.

