Causes
An ascending bacterial infection from the intestine, or an inflammatory/immune-mediated process. It is often associated with pancreatitis and intestinal disease (feline triaditis).
Diagnosis
Blood tests (liver enzymes, bilirubin), ultrasound and, in unclear cases, a liver biopsy.
Treatment
Antibiotics if bacterial, anti-inflammatories if immune-mediated, and nutritional support. Treatment depends on the type and may be prolonged.
Prevention
Difficult to prevent. Early detection helps avoid complications.

