Causes
Heart disease (cardiomyopathies), electrolyte imbalances, systemic illnesses, medications, tumours, problems with the heart's electrical conduction.
Diagnosis
Electrocardiogram (ECG). Sometimes a Holter monitor (24-hour ECG) is needed to catch intermittent arrhythmias. Echocardiography to look for the underlying cause.
Treatment
Depends on the type: antiarrhythmic drugs, treatment of the underlying cause, and in certain severe bradyarrhythmias, a pacemaker.
Prevention
Cardiac check-ups, especially in breeds predisposed to cardiomyopathies.

